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Sunday, 28 August 2011

Physics GRE - #27

Suppose that there is a very small shaft in the Earth such that a point mass can be placed at a radius of R/2 where R is the radius of the Earth. If F(r) is the gravitational force of the Earth on a point mass at a distance r, what is: \frac{F(R)}{F(2R)}?

  1. 32
  2. 8
  3. 4
  4. 2
  5. 1

Solution :

Choice 3 is the answer.

A very simple question today.

Recall that the gravitational force between two objects is given by F(r)=\frac{GMm}{r^2}=\frac{k}{r^2} where k is a constant.
Hence we have: \frac{F(R)}{F(2R)}=\left.\frac{k}{R^2}\right/\frac{k}{(2R)^2}=4.

On the same exam, they also asked for \frac{F(R)}{F\left(\frac{R}{2}\right)}. Try it if you want some extra practice.

6 comments:

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[hide] Anonymous said...

for the record, the answer for \frac{F(R)}{F(R/2)} is *not* 4.

on 29 August 2011 at 19:55
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[hide] Anonymous said...

The second answer's going to be 1/4, isn't it?

Using the same logic, (1/2)^2 is 1/4. Use basic math, cross out the k's and R's, and tada: Just 1/4.

on 29 August 2011 at 20:06
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[hide] Paul Liu said...

Yup that's correct.

on 29 August 2011 at 20:28
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[hide] Alemi said...

Careful, the gravitational force is not inverse square inside the earth, if it were you would have a nearly infinite force at the center of the earth and the planet would implode.

on 13 September 2011 at 10:12
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[hide] Paul Liu said...

Ooops. I guess I wasn't thinking very straight. The correct answer is 2 isn't it?

on 13 September 2011 at 15:41
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[hide] Paul Liu said...

Let me take this time to explain it properly and redeem myself a little.

By Gauss's Law for Gravity,
g\cdot A_{enclosed} = 4\pi G\rho V_{enclosed}. (Some will note that I have reduced it to a form that is useful for this question.) At a radius of r, the (surface) area enclosed is: A_{enclosed} = 4\pi r^2. Likewise, the volume enclosed is: V_{enclosed} = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3. Finally, the density of the Earth, \rho, is: \rho = \frac{M}{\frac{4}{3}\pi R^3} where M and R are the radius and mass of the Earth respectively.

Putting it all in, we have: g\cdot (4\pi r^2) = 4\pi G\frac{M}{\frac{4}{3}\pi R^3}\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3. After some simplification, we have g = \frac{GM}{2R^2} at r = \frac{R}{2}. Recall that at r=R, g=\frac{GM}{R^2}. Dividing the two expressions for g above gives 2 as the proper answer.

on 13 September 2011 at 16:12
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